Table 1. Community type classification according to plant sociology.

Community group Quercus mongolica
Community
Group A B A B C
Subgroup 1 2 1 2 3 1 2
No. of community types VU1 VU2 VU3 VU4 VU5 VU6 VU7 VU8 VU9 VU10 VU11
Altitude (m) 917.9 901.1 681.2 719.3 795.3 1132.6 1009.1 877.3 761.9 983.3 1086.9
Aspect (°) 175.1 182.6 190.3 207.5 194.7 187.2 170.3 178.7 182.3 259.3 184.1
Slope degree (°) 19.1 18.8 12.5 11.9 17.5 12.9 15.7 10.8 20.3 19.7 21.3
Topography 1.8 1.8 3.0 3.3 2.5 6.8 8.1 8.7 6.1 6.8 6.5
Bare rock (%) 70.0 56.9 17.5 34.0 45.4 7.0 19.3 28.3 11.8 19.5 6.3
Bare soil (%) 10.0 10.0 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.0 11.3 7.5 12.9 8.6 20.0
Litter layer (㎝) 3.1 3.4 2.3 2.4 3.5 3.2 2.0 2.1 3.4 2.5 3.5
Coverage of tree layer (%) 85.6 78.2 80.8 82.5 73.3 71.5 78.6 80.8 77.8 78.6 85.0
〃 subtree layer (%) 45.0 38.2 25.0 28.8 25.0 22.9 27.5 36.7 33.3 30.6 30.0
〃 shrub layer (%) 40.6 38.5 30.8 30.6 30.8 34.5 58.6 65.8 35.6 50.3 44.4
〃 herb layer (%) 43.1 39.4 51.7 45.0 35.4 62.5 40.0 30.0 17.9 43.1 60.6
Height of tree layer (m) 21.5 16.9 20.0 15.6 15.0 12.2 14.3 17.2 15.9 13.6 11.8
〃 subtree layer (m) 10.7 9.3 9.2 9.6 8.0 7.7 8.7 8.0 8.6 8.0 6.8
〃 shrub layer (m) 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.0 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2
〃 herb layer (m) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5
DBH of tree layer (㎝) 37.5 28.6 25.3 25.1 24.9 21.3 39.7 37.2 29.2 29.0 21.0
〃 subtree layer (㎝) 17.4 12.9 11.2 16.3 9.5 9.0 16.7 11.3 11.6 12.4 10.5
〃 shrub layer (㎝) 3.6 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.2 1.5 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.1
No. of present species 30.1 31.5 40.2 34.1 33.1 36.8 15.4 14.7 18.4 22.0 26.5
Relevé 8.0 17.0 6.0 8.0 12.0 10.0 7.0 6.0 18.0 37 8.0
1. Character species and differential species of Quercus mongolica community group;
Quercus mongolica (신갈나무) Ⅱ+2 Ⅲ+5 Ⅱ11 Ⅳ15 Ⅲ+5 Ⅴ45 Ⅴ23 Ⅴ25 Ⅴ15 Ⅴ15 Ⅴ55
Acer pseudosieboldianum (당단풍나무) Ⅳ13 Ⅲ+4 Ⅱ12 Ⅲ+1 Ⅰ12 Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ++ Ⅳ+2 Ⅱ+2 Ⅱ+3 Ⅱ24
Lindera obtusiloba (생강나무) Ⅱ+2 Ⅲ12 Ⅴ+2 Ⅴ+2 Ⅳ+2 Ⅰ22 Ⅲ++ Ⅳ+1 Ⅴ+3 Ⅲ+4 Ⅱ+1
Fraxinus rhynchophylla (물푸레나무) Ⅱ12 Ⅳ+4 Ⅴ+4 Ⅴ+2 Ⅲ15 Ⅳ+2 Ⅱr1 Ⅲ++ Ⅱ12 Ⅲ+5 Ⅳ+1
Carex humilis var. nana (가는잎그늘사초) Ⅰ11 Ⅱ+1 Ⅳ+3 Ⅰ++ Ⅲ+3 Ⅰ22 Ⅴ+2 Ⅳ+2 Ⅳ+3 Ⅲ+5 Ⅱ11
Calamagrostis arundinacea (실새풀) Ⅱ+1 Ⅱ+1 Ⅲ+2 Ⅰ55 Ⅲ+2 Ⅳ+5 Ⅰ++ Ⅳ+3 Ⅱ+3 Ⅳ+4 Ⅳ24
Styrax obassia (쪽동백나무) Ⅲ12 Ⅱ+2 Ⅴ12 Ⅳ+3 Ⅳ+2   Ⅳ+1 Ⅲ++ Ⅳ13 Ⅲ+2 Ⅱ13
2. Character species and differential species of Cornus controversa community;
Cornus controversa (층층나무) Ⅴ15 Ⅳ15 Ⅱ11 Ⅱ+2 Ⅲ14 Ⅰ11 Ⅰ12
Ulmus davidiana var.japonica (느릅나무) Ⅳ24 Ⅳ14 Ⅰ++ Ⅱ14 Ⅲ+2 R++
Morus bombycis (산뽕나무) Ⅳ13 Ⅲ13 Ⅴ13 Ⅳ+3 Ⅲ13 Ⅰ++ R11
Staphylea bumalda (고추나무) Ⅲ12 Ⅲ+3 Ⅴ+3 Ⅳ13 Ⅳ+2 Ⅰ++
Acer pictum subsp. mono (고로쇠나무) Ⅴ+3 Ⅴ+3 Ⅴ+1 Ⅱ13 Ⅴ14 Ⅰ12 Ⅰ+1 R++
Schisandra chinensis (오미자) Ⅳ+1 Ⅲ+3 Ⅲ13 Ⅳ+2 Ⅲ+2 Ⅰ22 Ⅰ+1 Ⅰ+2 Ⅰ++
Actinidia arguta (다래) Ⅱ13 Ⅳ+5 Ⅱ11 Ⅱ11 Ⅱ11 Ⅰ+2 Ⅰ11 Ⅰ11
Alangium platanifolium var. trilobum (박쥐나무) Ⅳ+1 Ⅱ+2 Ⅰ++ Ⅱ+1 Ⅲ+1 Ⅰ++
Clematis heracleifolia (병조희풀) Ⅱ+1 Ⅲ+2 Ⅲ++ Ⅱ+1 Ⅲ+3 Ⅰ++ R++
Cimicifuga heracleifolia (승마) Ⅴ11 Ⅲ+1 Ⅰ++ Ⅱ+1 Ⅲ+2 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ+1 R11
Hydrangea serrata f.acuminata (산수국) Ⅴ14 Ⅳ+4 Ⅰ11 Ⅰ22 Ⅱ+3
Sambucus williamsii var. coreana (딱총나무) Ⅱ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅲ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++
Dennstaedtia wilfordii (황고사리) Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅱ+2 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++ R++
Philadelphus schrenkii (고광나무) Ⅳ+3 Ⅴ+3 Ⅴ+2 Ⅳ+3 Ⅳ+4 Ⅰ+2
3. Character species and differential species of Magnolia sieboldii group;
Magnolia sieboldii (함박꽃나무) Ⅳ+2 Ⅲ+3 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ11 Ⅰ++ Ⅱ++ R++
Dryopteris crassirhizoma (관중) Ⅲ23 Ⅲ+3
4. Character species and differential species of Acer mandshuricum subgroup;
Acer mandshuricum (복장나무) Ⅳ14
Carpinus cordata (까치박달) Ⅳ13 R++
Phellodendron amurense (황벽나무) Ⅱ+2 Ⅰ11
Actaea asiatica (노루삼) Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++
Tilia amurensis (피나무) Ⅰ22 Ⅱ14 Ⅰ11 Ⅰ22 Ⅰ+2
5. Character species and differential species of Parthenocissus tricuspidata group;
Parthenocissus tricuspidata (담쟁이덩굴) Ⅰ22 Ⅴ+3 Ⅲ+3 Ⅱ+3 R++
Callicarpa japonica (작살나무) Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅲ+2
Rubus oldhamii (줄딸기) Ⅰ++ Ⅴ14 Ⅲ+3 Ⅲ+3 Ⅱ++ Ⅰ++
Chloranthus japonicus (홀아비꽃대) Ⅰ++ Ⅰ22 Ⅲ+2 Ⅱ+2 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++ R++ Ⅰ22
Oplismenus undulatifolius (주름조개풀) Ⅲ+2 Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ+1
6. Character species and differential species of Larix kaempferi subgroup;
Larix kaempferi (일본잎갈나무) Ⅰ44 Ⅴ25 Ⅰ15
Persicaria dissitiflora (가시여뀌) Ⅰ++ Ⅲ+1 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ11
Celastrus orbiculatus (노박덩굴) Ⅱ++ Ⅰ++
Persicaria thunbergii (고마리) Ⅱ++ Ⅰ++
Campanula punctata (초롱꽃) Ⅱ+1
7. Character species and differential species of Pinus koraiensis subgroup ;
Pinus koraiensis (잣나무) Ⅰ11 Ⅴ+5 Ⅰ+5 Ⅰ+5
Securinega suffruticosa (광대싸리) Ⅰ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅰ11
Rubia cordifolia var. pratensis (갈퀴꼭두서니) Ⅰ++ Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ++
8. Character species and differential species of Phlomis umbrosa community ;
Phlomis umbrosa (속단) Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅴ+2
Filipendula glaberrima (터리풀) Ⅲ++ R++
Clematis fusca (검은종덩굴) Ⅰ++ Ⅲ++ Ⅰ++
Potentilla fragarioides var. major (양지꽃) Ⅱ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++
Heracleum moellendorffii (어수리) Ⅱ++
Osmunda cinnamomea var. forkiensis (꿩고비) Ⅱ+2
9. Character species and differential species of Pinus densiflora community ;
Pinus densiflora (소나무) Ⅰ44 Ⅰ11 Ⅰ44 Ⅰ11 Ⅴ55 Ⅴ15 Ⅳ+5 Ⅲ+5
Rhododendron mucronulatum (진달래) Ⅰ++ Ⅴ+3 Ⅴ+3 Ⅲ+4 Ⅲ+3
Fraxinus sieboldiana (쇠물푸레나무) Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅴ13 Ⅴ13 Ⅲ+3 Ⅳ+3
Rhododendron schlippenbachii (철쭉) Ⅱ+2 Ⅰ22 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ12 Ⅴ+2 Ⅴ25 Ⅲ13 Ⅳ+5
10. Character species and differential species of Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum group ;
Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum (산앵도나무) Ⅲ++ Ⅴ+3 R++
11. Character species and differential species of Rhododendron micranthum subgroup ;
Rhododendron micranthum (꼬리진달래) Ⅴ14 Ⅰ11
Melampyrum setaceum var. nakaianum (새며느리밥풀) Ⅰ++ Ⅲ++
12. Character species and differential species of Quercus variabilis group ;
Quercus variabilis (굴참나무) Ⅰ11 Ⅴ+4
13. Companion species group (242 species) ;
Disporum smilacinum (애기나리) Ⅰ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅱ+2 Ⅱ++ Ⅲ+1 Ⅲ+2 Ⅳ+1
Astilbe rubra (노루오줌) Ⅱ+1 Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ++ Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ++ Ⅲ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅱ+1 Ⅱ+1
Carex siderosticta (대사초) Ⅱ+1 Ⅲ+1 Ⅱ+2 Ⅰ11 Ⅳ14 Ⅰ++ Ⅲ+1 Ⅱ+2 Ⅳ+4 Ⅳ12
Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum (둥굴레) Ⅱr+ Ⅰ++ Ⅰrr Ⅱ++ Ⅳ+2 Ⅳ++ Ⅳ++ Ⅲ++ Ⅲ++ Ⅳ+2
Kalopanax septemlobus (음나무) Ⅱ+2 Ⅲ+5 Ⅰ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅱ+2 Ⅱ++ Ⅱ++ Ⅳ++ Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ++
Rhus trichocarpa (개옻나무) Ⅰ11 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅲ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅳ+1 Ⅳ+1 Ⅲ+2 Ⅱ+1
Arisaema amurense f. serratum (천남성) Ⅱ++ Ⅲ++ Ⅲ++ Ⅱr+ Ⅲ+1 Ⅱ+1 Ⅰ++ Ⅰ++ Ⅱ++
Isodon inflexus (산박하) Ⅱ+1 Ⅲ+2 Ⅴ+1 Ⅱ++ Ⅳ+2 Ⅳ12 Ⅱ++ Ⅱ+1 Ⅳ+2
Other 233 companion species omitted.