Table 2. Criteria for the classification of coarse woody debris (CWD) by decay class.*

Decay class	Classification criteria	Description
Ⅰ	Recently dead	Soon after being dead, but with leaves or branches
Ⅱ	Incipient decay	The stage in which there are neither branches nor leaves, with the stem decayed partly
Ⅲ	Progressed decay	The stage in which the stem is not only decayed completely but the sapwood is also partly decayed
Ⅳ	Intense decay	The stage in which only the empty shell of the tree remains to the extent to which it can be destroyed by just one touch

Source: Korea Forest Service (2020).