Table 1. Topographic characteristics of study sites in Ihwa-ri and Sanyoo-ri, Gapyeong-gun.

Study site		Ihwa-ri			Sanyoo-ri
Stand	NA Ⅰ	NA Ⅱ	NA Ⅲ	PL	FB	PP Ⅰ	PP Ⅱ
GPS	N 37°47’30"E 127°30’45-46"	N 37°47’29"E 127°30’53"	N 37°47’28"E 127°30’55"	N 37°47’30"E 127°30’47"	N 37°45’10-11"E 127°30’22-23"	N 37°45’8-12"E 127°30’22-26"	N 37°45’6"E 127°30’23"
Elevation (m, asl)	120-130	170	180	130	150-160	80-160	170
Aspect (°)	20-60	348	105	357	39-50	16-41	153
Slope (%)	25-35	11	16	21	23-25	15-35	16
Soil depth (cm)	42-55	46-79	51-70	45-72	46-89	30-53	33-64
Landform	Slope	Upper slope	Upper slope	Valley	Slope	Valley	Upper slope
Management	Adjacent to crop field	None	None	Plantation	Low intensity thinning	Plantation, High intensity thinning	Plantation, Low intensity thinning