Table 6. Indicator species identified by indicator species analysis (IndVal) for each vegetation type (VT) of Larix kaempferi plantations, with the observed indicator value (IV) and significance level (P). Only significant indicator values (P < 0.05) are shown. Significant values, returned by the Monte-Carlo test, are the proportions of randomized trials with an an indicator value equal to or exceeding the observed indicator value (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). For full names of VT I to VII, see Table 2.

Species	VT	IndVal		P	Species	VT	IndVal		P
		Max. obs.	Mean exp.				Max. obs.	Mean exp.
Rhododendron schlippenbachii	I	57.7	12.1 **		Oplismenus undulatifolius	V	35.0	12.9 *
Quercus mongolica	I	36.5	17.5 ***		Toxicodendron trichocarpum	V	34.4	13.3 *
Symplocos sawafutagi	I	30.4	15.1 *		Maianthemum japonicum	V	31.2	8.6 **
Cephalanthera longibracteata	I	23.3	10.4 *		Akebia quinata	V	31.2	8.6 **
Carex siderosticta	II	41.9	16.3 *		Rosa multiflora	V	27.7	9.0 *
Ainsliaea acerifolia	II	37.2	12.8 **		Zanthoxylum schinifolium	VI	63.0	10.7 **
Lespedeza maximowiczii	II	36.6	16.1 **		Quercus dentata	VI	55.3	10.6 ***
Veratrum maackii var. japonicum	II	33.5	11.5 *		Smilax china	VI	50.0	10.2 **
Isodon inflexus	II	30.4	14.1 *		Spodiopogon sibiricus	VI	39.0	12.3 *
Morus australis	III	24.0	13.8 *		Castanea crenata	VI	35.9	11.4 *
Carpinus cordata	IV	42.0	11.8 **		Ligustrum obtusifolium	VI	35.2	10.1 *
Abies holophylla	IV	39.3	10.2 *		Quercus aliena	VI	27.9	9.1 *
Stephanandra incisa	IV	38.4	12.0 *		Sasa borealis	VII	68.9	11.6 ***
Athyrium yokoscense	V	71.7	14.5 ***		Callicarpa japonica	VII	58.1	10.5 ***
Carex ciliato-marginata	V	48.3	8.9 **		Ulmus davidiana var. japonica	VII	55.7	11.5 **