Table 1. General stand characteristics of the study sites.
| Region | Stand age | Location | Elevation (m a.s.l.) | Stand density (tree ha−1) | DBH (cm) | Basal area (m ha−1) | Sampling year (No. of plot) |
| Sancheong-gun | 40-50 | 35°29′04″N127°58′10″E | 730 | 1,766/600-3,150* | 21.2/15.8-26.2* | 53.0/32.1-70.5* | 2006-2007 (6) |
| Hamyang-gun | 45 | 35°27′53″N128°38′58″E | 684 | 216/200-250 | 34.0/31.3-36.8 | 20.5/19.7-21.3 | 2007-2008 (3) |
| Sancheong-gun | 40-50 | 35°29′35″N128°57′40″E | 750 | 1,020/500-1,525 | 21.1/18.8-24.9 | 34.2/21.4-46.7 | 2007-2008 (6) |
| Jinju-si | 40-50 | 35°12′21″N128°10′24″E | 150 | 1,311/300-2,500 | 14.3/6.0-23.0 | 22.3/4.2-25.9 | 2010-2011 (9) |
| Jinju-si | 40-50 | 35°12′30″N128°10′27″E | 196 | 1,172/600-1,700 | 15.9/12.6-22.7 | 23.9/15.8-37.9 | 2011-2015 (18) |
| Sancheong-gun | 55-62 | 35°22′26″N127°51′13″E | 484 | 625 | 34.9 | 59.7 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Sancheong-gun | 25-35 | 35°24′10″N127°48′46″E | 350 | 2,225 | 14.7 | 66.3 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Jinju-si | 52-54 | 35°12′45″N128°10′06″E | 190 | 1,075 | 25.9 | 55.0 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Jinju-si | 33-35 | 35°12′30″N128°10′27″E | 196 | 400 | 31.6 | 31.4 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Goseong-gun | 50-80 | 35°04′43″N128°15′47″E | 246 | 575 | 37.1 | 24.9 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Hadong-gun | 50-70 | 35°12′26″N127°43′12″E | 524 | 675 | 28.3 | 22.4 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Hadong-gun | 40-50 | 35°12′25″N127°43′11″E | 519 | 2,225 | 27.5 | 29.9 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Hadong-gun | 35-35 | 35°12′32″N127°42′52″E | 497 | 1,775 | 20.6 | 29.6 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Uiryeong-gun | 35-45 | 35°22′14″N128°10′37″ E | 401 | 550 | 24.9 | 22.3 | 2011-2012 (1) |
| Uiryeong-gun | 35-45 | 35°22′13″N128°10′35″E | 430 | 1,480/960-1,920 | 24.3/22.9-26.6 | 46.6/35.9-55.8 | 2014-2015 (4) |
| Jinju-si | 40-50 | 35°12′31″N128°10′27″E | 160 | 2,540/1,440-3,240 | 15.0/12.4-18.1 | 28.7/20.2-44.0 | 2014-2015 (4) |
| Sacheon-si | 40-50 | 35°04′19″N128°02′00″E | 30 | 1,075/900-1,400 | 16.4/15.5-17.5 | 25.9/18.6-36.8 | 2018-2019 (4) |
mean/minimum-maximum.