Table 3. Description of variables applied to objective function and constraints.

f: function for calculating NPVa of timber production

g: function for calculating NPVa of carbon storage

h: function for calculating NPVa of water conservation

wt : weight of timber production

wc : weight of carbon storage

ww : weight of water conservation

Hp : timber production at period p

Cp : carbon storage at period p

Wp : water conservation at period p

Zibja : area where species b was planted at period i, cut and regenerated to species a at period j in zone z

α : allowable decreasing rate

β : allowable increasing rate

ACkp : area of age-class k at period p

γkp : lower bound area of age-class k at period p

AREA : total area of study area

Asp : area of species s at period p

δsp : lower bound area of species s at period p

ϵsp : upper bound area of species s at period p

CAzp : area of conifers at period p in zone z

ζzp : lower bound area of conifers at period p in zone z

ηzp : upper bound area of conifers at period p in zone z

BAzp : area of broad-leaved trees at period p in zone z

θzp : lower bound area of broad-leaved trees at period p in zone z

ιzp : upper bound area of broad-leaved trees at period p in zone z

VTp : timber production from thinning at period p

LVTp : target timber production from thinning at period p

VHp : timber production from final cutting at period p

LVHp : target timber production from final cutting at period p

TRp : timber sales from thinning at period p

LTRp : target timber sales from thinning at period p

HRp : timber sales from final cutting at period p

LHRp : target timber sales from final cutting at period p

NPV : Net Present Value.