Table 5. Confusion matrix of Pinus densiflora by machine learning algorithms.

				Reference data
Random Forest	Class	Dominant	Co-dominant	Intermediate	Overtopper	Total
	Dominant	70	20	4	−	94
	Co-dominant	14	14	4	1	33
	Intermediate	−	3	3	2	8
	Overtopper	−	−	−	1	1
	Total	84	37	11	4	136
XGboost	Dominant	68	22	6	−	96
	Co-dominant	14	10	1	1	26
	Intermediate	1	4	1	2	8
	Overtopper	1	1	3	1	6
	Total	84	37	11	4	136
Light GBM	Dominant	65	21	5	−	91
	Co-dominant	17	13	3	1	34
	Intermediate	2	3	2	2	9
	Overtopper	−	−	1	1	2
	Total	84	37	11	4	136