Table 3.
Analysis for program characteristics.

Categories (n) Activities (n)
Six major forest therapy programs (111) Exercise therapy (88) Walking (81) Tree climbing (2)
Gymnastics (18) Dance (1)
Exercise (20) Taichi (1)
Yoga (4)
Psychotherapy (81) Communicate with other participants (53) Praying (1)
Meditation (51) Relax mind and body (1)
Self-reflection (20) Singing bowl (1)
Seek to find the meaning of life (11) Writing flower letter (1)
Writing letter (2) Writing poetry (1)
Build an imaginary space (1) Writing (1)
Poetry reading (1)
Plant therapy (76) Making using natural objects (34) Communicate with forests (12)
Observing plant (31) Hearing forest sound (9)
Viewing the forest (29) Gardening activities (4)
Aromatherapy (23) Story-telling (3)
Art activities use natural objects (13) Writing flower letter (1)
Climate therapy (43) Breathing (29) Hammock (4)
Forest bathing (14) Aerotherapy (1)
Wind bathing (6)
Diet therapy (29) Drinking herbal tea (16) Eating meditation (1)
Cooking in the forest (8) Natural foods stories (1)
Eating natural food (7)
Water therapy (18) Foot bath (9) Water therapy (2)
Underwater activities (5) Half bath (1)
Thermotherapy (5) Observing water flows (1)
Feeling anions (3) Reflecting a face on the stream surface (1)
Hearing water sound (3) Water massage (1)
Other activities (68) Playing-based activity (43) Nature play (31) A play in forests (1)
Music play (5) Quiz (1)
Art play (4) Solving environmental puzzles (1)
Rope play (3) Sound matching play (1)
Camera play (2) Talent show (1)
Festival in the forest (2) Watching movie (1)
Robot play (2)
Experience-based activity (31) Five sense experience (21) Build a stone tower (1)
Nature experience (4) Create a photo album of a forest (1)
Healing equipment experience (3) Explore a forest trail (1)
Experience manual labor (2) Experience a night in a forest (1)
Set up a tent (2) Making T-shirts (1)
Education-based activity (29) Forest education (21) Self-reliance competency education (1)
Illness education (6) Prenatal education in nature (1)
Memory training (1)
Money management education (1)
Others (4) Massage (2) Picture therapy (1)
Balloon massage (1)