Table 1. Synoptic table of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacaia L.) plantations with percentage constancy and median cover of species. Species are sorted by their life form (LF; trees = 3, shrubs = 2, herbs = 1) and within them by decreasing constancy. Dark grey and light grey indicate Φ > 0.40 and Φ > 0.20, respectively. Only species with a constancy >15% are listed; different thresholds are due to differences in species richness among groups. Transgressive diagnostic species are those that have both their diagnostic value in more than one group and a constancy >20% in all groups for which the species is diagnostic. Forest vegetation types: 1.1 = Quercus mongolica-Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum type; 1.2 = Castanea crenata-Smilax china type; 1.3 = Clematis apiifolia-Lonicera japonica type; 2.1 = Rosa multiflora-Artemisia indica type; 2.2 = Quercus variabilis-Lindera glauca type; 2.3 = Ulmus parvifolia-Celtis sinensis type; 2.4 = Prunus padus-Celastrus flagellaris type.

Forest vegetation type		C1			C2
		1.1	1.2	1.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4
Number of relevés	LF	12	81	39	6	14	28	19
Diagnostic species
Quercus mongolica (Qm)	3	92 ²	16 ⁺	23 ⁺	.	.	.	.
Fraxinus sieboldiana	3	33 ⁺	1 ^r	.	.	.	.	.
Fraxinus rhynchophylla	3	25 ⁺	.	3 ⁺	.	7 ⁺	.	.
Rhododendron mucronulatum	2	33 ⁺	9 ⁺	15 ⁺	.	.	.	.
Lonicera praeflorens	2	25 ⁺	.	.	.	.	.	.
Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum (Pov)	1	75 ¹	5 ⁺	10 ⁺	.	.	4 ^r	.
Carex humilis var. nana (Chv)	1	58 ⁺	19 ⁺	3 ^r	.	7 ^r	.	.
Athyrium yokoscense	1	58 ¹	14 ⁺	18 ⁺	.	.	.	.
Prunus serrulata var. pubescens (Psv)	1	50 ⁺	15 ⁺	8 ⁺	17 ^r	29 ¹	7 ^r	.
Carex fililpes var. oligostachys	1	25 ^r	.	.	.	.	.	.
Syneilesis palmata	1	25 ⁺	.	.	.	.	.	.
Persicaria nepalensis	1	25 ⁺	.	.	.	.	.	.
Hosta longipes	1	25 ^r	.	.	.	.	.	.
Artemisia keiskeana	1	25 ⁺	1 ^r	5 ^r	.	.	.	.
Castanea crenata (Cc)	3	17 ⁺	56 ¹	36 ¹	33 ⁺	.	.	5 ^r
Styrax japonicus	3	.	30 ⁺	5 ⁺	.	21 ⁺	11 ^r	5 ⁺
Smilax china (Sc)	2	25 ⁺	56 ⁺	31 ⁺	.	57 ⁺	11 ⁺	.
Lonicera japonica	2	17 ⁺	12 ⁺	54 ⁺	.	14 ^r	11 ⁺	5 ^r
Clematis apiifolia (Ca)	2	17 ⁺	31 ⁺	67 ¹	50 ²	36 ⁺	21 ⁺	21 ⁺
Quercus acutissima (Qac)	3	.	371	23 ⁺	83 ²	50 ¹	36 ⁺	53 ¹
Alnus japonica	3	.	.	.	33 ⁺	.	.	.
Rubus parvifolius	2	.	.	3 ⁺	33 ⁺	14 ^r	14 ^r	5 ⁺
Spiraea prunifolia f. simpliciflora	2	.	5 ⁺	10 ⁺	33 ⁺	.	4 ^r	.
Artemisia indica (Ai)	1	17 ^r	4 ^r	21 ⁺	67 ¹	7 ^r	.	.
Erigeron annuus	1	.	2 ^r	8 ⁺	50 ⁺	14 ^r	.	5 ^r
Stellaria aquatica	1	.	1 ^r	10 ⁺	50 ¹	7 ^r	4 ^r	11 ⁺
Aconitum jaluense	1	.	.	.	33 ⁺	.	.	.
Bromus remotiflorus	1	.	.	.	33 ⁺	.	.	.
Cyrtomium fortunei	1	.	.	.	33 ^r	.	.	.
Cornus walteri	3	.	1 ^r	.	.	21 ⁺	7 ⁺	.
Pyrus ussuriensis	3	.	.	3 ⁺	.	21 ⁺	.	.
Lindera glauca	2	.	47 ⁺	3 ^r	17 ⁺	86 ²	21 ⁺	11 ⁺
Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Zs)	2	33 ⁺	35 ⁺	26 ⁺	17 ⁺	64 ⁺	.	.
Securinega suffruticosa	2	.	10 ⁺	8 ^r	.	36 ⁺	a	.
Cardamine flexuosa (Cf)	1	.	17 ⁺	21 ⁺	17 ¹	57 ¹	7 ⁺	21 ^r
Boehmeria platanifolia	1	.	1 ^r	5 ⁺	.	21 ¹	.	5 ^r
Galium maximowiczii	1	.	2 ^r	8 ⁺	.	21 ^r	.	.
Ulmus parvifolia (Up)	3	.	.	.	17 ⁺	21 ⁺	71 ⁺	16 ^r
Prunus padus	3	.	2 ^r	3 ⁺	.	.	4 ⁺	45 ¹
Celastrus flagellaris (Gf)	2	.	1 ^r	3 ^r	.	14 ⁺	11 ^r	63 ²
Galium spurium (Gs)	1	.	4 ⁺	3 ^r	.	.	21 ⁺	58 ¹
Fallopia dumetorum	1	.	.	3 ^r	.	7 ^r	11 ^r	21 ⁺
Forest vegetation type	C1				C2
	LF	1.1	1.2	1.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4
Transgressive diagnostic species
Lindera obtusiloba (Lo)	2	92 ²	51 ¹	31 ⁺	17 ⁺	7 ^r	7 ⁺	5 ⁺
Rhododendron schlippenbachii	2	25 ⁺	5 ⁺	23 ⁺	.	.	.	.
Athyrium vidalii	1	8 ⁺	9 ⁺	28 ⁺	33 ⁺	.	.	5r
Conyza canadensis	1	.	.	21 ⁺	33 ⁺	.	.	.
Rosa multiflora (Rm)	2	8+	20 ⁺	74 ¹	100 3	43 ⁺	36 ⁺	63 ¹
Celastrus orbiculatus (Go)	2	17 ⁺	6 ⁺	18 ⁺	50 ⁺	36 ⁺	14 ⁺	16 ⁺
Chelidonium majus subsp. asiaticum (Cms)	1	17 ⁺	5 ⁺	33 ⁺	67 ⁺	.	11 ⁺	11 ⁺
Paederia foetida	1	.	6+	3 ^r	33 ⁺	.	.	21+
Ailanthus altissima	3	.	4 ⁺	3 ⁺	17 ⁺	36 ⁺	4 ⁺	26 ⁺
Diospyros lotus (Dl)	3	.	16 ⁺	5 ⁺	50 ⁺	50 ⁺	32 ⁺	21 ⁺
Cocculus orbiculatus	2	8+	12 ^r	10 ^r	17 ^r	64 ^r	46 ^r	5 ^r
Celtis sinensis (Cs)	3	.	7 ⁺	3 ⁺	.	57 ⁺	71 ¹	74 ²
Quercus variabilis (Qv)	3	.	44 ¹	21 ⁺	17 ⁺	79 ²	93 ²	37 ¹
Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum	1	8 ^r	.	.	.	.	32 ⁺	21 ^r
Liriope muscari	1	.	2 ^r	5 ^r	.	7 ^r	25 ⁺	42 ⁺
Commelina communis (Cco)	1	33 ⁺	16 ⁺	28 ⁺	33 ⁺	7 ^r	57 ⁺	68 ^r
Constant & companion species
Robinia pseudoacacia (Rp)	3	100 ⁴	100 ⁵	100 ⁵	100 ⁵	100 ⁵	100 ⁵	100 ⁵
Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ou)	1	50 ¹	85 ²	67 ¹	17 ⁺	71 ⁺	79 ⁺	74 ⁺
Quercus serrata (Qs)	3	67 ²	65 ²	62 ²	33 ⁺	7 ^r	25 ⁺	21 ⁺
Ligustrum obtusifolium (Lob)	2	17 ⁺	35 ⁺	54 ¹	17 ¹	29 ⁺	39 ⁺	32 ⁺
Quercus aliena (Qal)	3	17 ⁺	46 ¹	38 ¹	17 ⁺	29 ⁺	.	16 ⁺