| 1 | Kim & Koo (2019) | E: 78.24±5.32(17) | Forest healing programml: Feeling the landscape, walking in the forest, meditation, smell the wildflowers (6 times) | None | × Depression*(BDI)× Quality of Life *(SF-36)× Cognitive function*(MMSE-K) | One group pre-posttest design | ∘ |
| 2 | Kim et al. (2017) | 65years of age or older E1: 4 times (9), E2: 8 times (13), E3: 12 times (14), C: (9) | Forest healing program (2 hours at a time) | Daily routines | × Mental-health (SCL-90-R)× Melatonin | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | ∘ |
| 3 | Kim (2017, degree) | E: 79.8±7.3(20)C: 78.6±6.1(20) | Forest healing program, Horticulture program (45 minutes, 2 times a week for 6 weeks) | Dementia prevention gymnastics video, Clapping hands | × Daily life capability*(K-ADL)× Communication ability*(Trower)× Social behavior ability *(Trower)× Cognitive function*(MMSE-K)× Brainwave* | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | ∘ |
| 4 | Park (2010, degree) | E: 67.86±3.29(7)C: 67.29±3.20(7) | Forest exercise: walking, muscular exercise (60-80 minutes, 3 times a week for 10 weeks) | Walking in-door treadmill | × Melatonin* | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | × |
| 5 | Beak et al. (2021) | E: 62±1.15(10) | Forest Healing Anti-aging programml: warm-up for the brain, memorizing, meditation, association training (1 night 2 days) | None | × Fitness*× Muscular strength*× Gait pattern*× Balance ability* | One group pre-posttest design | ∘ |
| 6 | Wang et al. (2021) | E: 60.3±9.4(21)C: 63.6±5.8(12) | Forest healing programml: walking, meditation, flower tea, cognition (2 hours, Once a week for 8 weeks) | Daily routines | × Depression *(GDS)× Burn muscle mass*× Visceral fat* | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | × |
| 7 | Lee et al. (2020) | E: 78.40±2.72(10) | Forest healing programml: Stretching, Exercise therapy (2 hours, Once a week for 7 weeks) | None | × Depression *(GDSSF-K)× Memory complaints*(SMCQ) | One group pre-posttest design | × |
| 8 | Lee et al. (2016) | E: 71.37±3.32(15)C: 70.21±4.69(14) | Walking in the forest (80minutes, 3 times a week for 10 weeks) | Walking in-door treadmill | × Muscular strength*× Muscular endurance*× Born mineral density* | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | × |
| 9 | Lim et al. (2014) | 50s(3), 60s(8), 70s(17), 80s(31), 90s(5)(E: 22, C1: 21, C2: 21) | Forest healing program (30 minutes, Once a week for11weeks) | C1: Same Intervention IndoorsC2: Daily routines | × Self-esteem*(Rosenberg)× Depression *(GDSSF-K) | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | × |
| 10 | Choi et al. (2010) | E1: 66.21±4.16(15)E2: 64.85±3.23(15)C1: 67.44±1.78(15)C2: 65.55±8.21(15) | Walking in the forest (50 minutes) | Walking on the playground | × Blood glucose* | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | × |
| 11 | Choi et al. (2014) | E: 66.34±4.31(19)C: 67.18±2.78(18) | Walking in the forest (80 minutes, 3 times a week for 12 weeks) | Walking in-door treadmill | × Functional fitness*× Gait pattern* | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | × |
| 12 | Hwang & Lee (2020) | E: 65years of age or older (7) | Walking in the forest (9 times for 6 weeks) | None | × Depression*(CESD-11) | One group pre-posttest design | × |
| 13 | Han & Koo (2018) | E: 71.45±3.11(20) | Forest healing programml: Walking in the forest, meditation (90 minutes, 2 times a week for 2 weeks) | None | × Resilience*(KRQ-53)× Self-regulation ability*(KRQ-53)× Interpersonal ability*(KRQ-53)× Positivity effect*(KRQ-53) | One group pre-posttest design | ∘ |
| 14 | Kim & Lee (2017) | E: 75(20) | Nature-friendly integration programml: Forest healing, Horticulture therapy, paly therapy (2 times a week for 6 weeks) | None | × Self-Esteem*(Rosenberg)× Depression*(BDI)× Brainwave* | One group pre-posttest design | × |
| 15 | Lee & Lee (2014) | E: 70.19±4.66(43)C: 71.11±5.8(19) | Walking in the forest (60 minutes) | Walking in the city | × Blood pressure *× CAVI*× Pulmonary function* | RCT | ∘ |
| 16 | Lee & Son (2018) | E: 76.3±4.3(30)C: 77.0±8.0(31) | Forest healing programml: Dementia prevention exercise, walking, meditation, traditional play (3 hours, Once a week for 9 weeks) | Daily routines | × Stress*(SRI)× Depression *(K-BDI)× Weight*× Body mass index*× Fat mass*× Muscle mass | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | × |
| 17 | Mao (2012) | E: 65-75(12)C: 65-75(12) | Walking in the forest (90minutes, 2 times a day for 7 days) | Walking in the city | × Profile of Mood States*× Blood pressure*× Bio-Indicators* | RCT | ∘ |
| 18 | Mao (2017) | E: 78.86±5.85(23)C: 70.70±3.68(10) | Walking in the forest (90minutes, 2 times a day for 4 days) | Walking in the city | × Profile of Mood States*× Bio-Indicators* | RCT | ∘ |
| 19 | Regina (2015) | E: 62.3±12.6(10)C: 62.3±12.6(10) | Walking in the Park (30minutes, a day for 7 days) | Walking in the city | × Blood pressure*× Heart rate* | RCT | ∘ |
| 20 | Sung (2012) | E: 66±7(28)C: 63±11(28) | Forest healing programml: meditation (8 weeks) | Daily routines | × Quality of Life*(QoL)× Blood pressure× Cortisol* | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | ∘ |
| 21 | Yi et al. (2019) | E1: 78.5±6.9(29)E2: 72.9±6.2(31)C: 74.4±4.9(28) | E1 Breathing programml: Breathing meditation, slow forest walking, muscle training, closing activitiesE2 Walking programml: clapping, walking, muscle training, closing activities (11 times for 11 weeks) | Daily routines | × EEG*× Bioimpedance*× HRV* | None-equivalent control group pre-posttest design | ∘ |