Table 1. Characteristics of study sites.

Site number	Location	Silvicultural system	Number of workers	Forest type	Density	DBH(cm)	Age class	Slope(°)
Site 1	Hyeonnae-ri, Buri-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea	Thinning	4	Mixed forest	High	10 - 16	III	30-35
Site 2	Dagok-ri, Seoha-myeon, Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea	Thinning	3	Coniferous forest	High	18 - 30	V	20-25
Site 3	Yeokpyeong-ri, Nami-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea	Pruning	4	Coniferous forest	Middle	18 - 32	IV	25-30
Site 4	Sajeong-ri, Gunseo-myeon, Okcheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea	Prevention forest fire thinning	3	Broadleave forest	High	12 - 22	IV	25-30
Site 5	Ibam-ri, Duma-myeon, Gyeryong-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea	Thinning for young tree	3	Mixed forest	High	6 - 10	II	20-25