Table 3. Characteristics of the participants.

Experimental group (n = 22) Control group (n = 22) p
Gender Male 6 10 0.210
Female 16 12
Income level High 6 3 0.412
Upper-middle 7 11
Middle 4 6
Lower-middle 4 2
Low 1 0
Education No education 1 2 0.982
Elementary school graduation 4 4
Middle school graduation 3 3
High school graduation 7 7
College graduation or higher 7 6
High intensity exercise Yes 5 8 0.322
No 17 14
Medium intensity exercise Yes 13 14 0.500
No 9 8
Alcohol consumption Does not drink 12 13 0.544
Less than once a month 4 4
Approximately once a month 1 0
2-4 times a month 2 2
2-3 times a week 1 3
More than 4 times a week 2 0
Smoking status Never smokes 17 18 0.598
Smokes occasionally 0 0
Smokes daily 1 0
Used to smoke, but currently does not 4 4
Chronic disease status Hypertension 7 8 0.750
Hyperlipidemia 7 10 0.353
Myocardial infarction 0 1 0.312
Angina pectoris 2 2 1.000
Osteoporosis 3 2 0.635
Diabete mellitus 2 2 1.000
Cancer 1 3 0.294