Table 2. Result of testing for each machine learning model.

Model AUC Accuracy Kappa F1-measure
Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
Gradient Descent 0.861 0.059 0.742 0.028 0.464 0.044 0.480 0.049
Random Forest 0.910 0.080 0.767 0.079 0.508 0.156 0.479 0.064
XGBoost 0.857 0.057 0.808 0.058 0.594 0.123 0.494 0.062