Table 1. Reconciliation of degraded, critical and marginal land estimates.

Category	Source	Estimated area (million ha)	Notes
Degraded forest land	Ministry of Forestry (MoF) (2025)	7.4	Critical land within State Forest
Degraded non-forest land	Ministry of Forestry (2025)	5.3	Critical land outside State Forest suitable for rehabilitation
Marginal agricultural land	Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) (Ritung et al., 2015)	10-15	Low productivity, biophysically stressed agricultural land
UNCCD degraded land estimate	UNCCD Data Dashboard (2022)	26-33	Broad national estimate using global degradation methodology (not directly additive with MoF/MoE/MoA categories)