Table 2. Evaluation indicators for domestic and international research literature review and the first Delphi survey.

Domestic and international literature review(51) First Delphi survey (148)
Various location and topographic conditions, Accessibility, including transportation, residential connection, safety guidance facility, weak facility, environmental conservation, Natural, environmental, and ecological safety, Feasibility study of forest trail construction, Forest trail certification, Prefer natural forest trai, various materials, nature dirt trail, Diversity of forest trail, Diversity by user class, reciprocating type, Circular, radial, mixed route, Ecological and economic forest trail, Gentle longitudinal slope, Gentle cross slope, trail surface management, trail surface maintenance, route location, distance sign, Connectivity with other trails, Forest trail management plan, satisfaction survey, Five senses experience space, Improved healing effect, forest experience activities, Program operation, viewing space, landscape creation, mountaineering training, Rest area, convenience facilities, exercise equipment, forest damage, Appropriate level of depression, Proper thinning, visual landscape preservation, Historical, cultural, ecological resources, wildlife protection, Harmony with the ecosystem, Stay cozy, natural connection, beauty, sense of escape, sense of accomplishment, stability, efficiency

Disaster safety, Convenience in transportation, walking accessibility, Forest near residential area, Area where mountain owner can agree, Secure an appropriate distance, Purpose of walking barefoot, Areas where you can walk barefoot at night, open space, A place where noise is blocked, park area, Connect with the Healing Forest, Areas with many hikers, Areas with a large available population, Near parking lot, A place with good communication, gentle slope, Good drainage area, Places with few complaints, Arboretum, Tourist attractions with lots of food, Area with electricity and water facilities available, A place with convenient facilities, Urban forest, Neighborhood park, Forest bathing area, Recreational forest, Forest training center, Near the campsite, A place with a lot of free-flowing electricity underground, Area with many forest roads.

Diversity of terrain, where there is water, Flat, Ridge, gentle slope, A place where you can create various forest trail, A place with just the right amount of bending, Exclusion of steep slopes, Areas with aesthetic effects, Circular, North slope area, Granite Masato area, Water system with foot bath, Various difficulty levels, Areas where appropriate distance facilities are available, Foot bathing area

A place with beautiful natural scenery, A place with a nice valley view, ecological healthy forest, dense forest, diversity of tree species, diversity of plants and animals, Coniferous forest, Broadleaf forest, Hon Hyo-rim, myocardial edema, A place with good natural preservation, adequate shade and sunlight, A place where you can feel the seasons, Not dry and humid, Lots of sights to see, Forest Wolfdog is over 60%, Good visibility in Imnae, Rich understory vegetation, Antagonism, Landscape forest creation area, landscape plantation, III-grade or higher posts, Area free of harmful plants and animals, Forests other than forest management purposes, Excluding endangered flora and fauna areas, variety of vegetation.

Viewpoint, diversity of landscapes, clinical change, Places with little external exposure, A place where you can enjoy natural views, Satisfaction is higher when the view is good, Places with many healing factors, photo zone, Lots to see, Lots of wild flowers, forest diversity, open landscape, A place with beautiful forests, birdwatching team, observatory, There will be a viewpoint, open space, closed space, Where there are landmarks, Forest Density Management, Forest interior landscape management, Planting of various landscape tree species, Adequacy of ventilation, Utilization of history and culture, Storytelling such as legends, Forest commentary, Forest healing program, Experience space, Landscape elements are not really necessary, Places with many forest healing factors.

Facility at the foot of the mountain, Avoiding damage to nature, suitable length, Use existing forest trail, A dirt road made of natural soil, Avoid side roads

Easy walking slope (1-3%, 5-8%), safe and comfortable way, Gentle cross slope, Difficulty level 1~2, moderate slope, Vertical slope within 30%, Curved rather than straight, Facilities according to contour lines, Unification of information facility design, Construction of a safe forest trail, Drainage facility required, Appropriate width (1.2 m, 2 m), Construction with a small amount of cut soil, Acupressure center, Creating a shelter in the middle of the course, Avoiding the construction of yellow dirt roads, Trail construction using various materials (yellow clay, sand, gravel, chips, grass, general soil), lawn square, convenient route, circular, The distance is long (1~2 km, 1~2 hours), Observation point pavilion (rain shelter), Distance varies (short distance, long distance), Diversification of courses and difficulty levels, Get an inside view, moist yellow dirt trail, Gathering activity location, The width of the road is wide enough for small vehicles to pass through, Routes that adapt to the terrain, harmful sharp stones, Removal of tree roots, etc, Various information boards, Amenities, Minimize stairs, Avoidance of artificial facilities on road surfaces, Connectivity to nearby areas

1. Location & Topographic Factors

1. Areas easily accessible by foot or public transportation

2. Forests near residential areas

3. Areas with high potential user population

4. Areas safe from disasters, calamities, etc.

5. Areas with easy emergency response access

6. Areas with easily obtainable landowner consent

7. Areas with low likelihood of civil complaints

8. Areas with available electrical and communication nfrastructure

9. Areas with potential connections to nearby forest trails and healing forests

10. Well-drained area

11. Areas with varied terrain (e.g., plains, ridges)

12. Areas suitable for creating trails of varying difficulty levels

13. Areas composed of natural soil

14. Areas with granite or sandy loam soil

15. Areas not exposed to strong wind corridors

16. Areas that maximize the use of existing forest trails

17. Areas with strong linkage to nearby communities (e.g., restaurants, lodges, public transport)

2. Ecological & Environmental Factors

18. Dense forests of medium and large trees

19. A forest with high stand diversity

20. Areas with coniferous forests

21. Areas with broadleaf forests

22. Mixed-species forest area

23. Forests with deep-rooted tree species

24. A stable forest with diverse flora and fauna

25. Areas with balanced shade and sunlight

26. Well-managed forests with ecological balance

27. Areas not designated as legally protected zones, such as non-stocked forest land

28. Areas with minimal harmful plants or animals

3. Healing & Landscape Factors

29. Areas rich in healing resources that stimulate all five senses

30. An area with forest stands that visibly reflect seasonal changes

31. Areas where forest healing resources can be expanded to amplify healing effects

32. Low-noise area

33. Areas suitable for forest education and experiential activities

34. Well-ventilated area

35. Areas with comfortable thermal environments

36. Areas with historical and cultural resources

37. Areas with diverse natural landscapes

38. An area with beautiful natural scenery

39. Forests with open interiors and enclosed perimeters

40. Areas with existing or potential scenic viewpoints

41. Areas with symbolic landmarks

42. Areas rich in tourism resources

43. Well-managed forests with clear interior visibility

44. Areas where water resources (e.g., footbaths) can be utilized for healing

45. Areas with high levels of free electrons from the ground

46. North-facing areas with high humidity

4. Route Construction Factors

47. A trail of appropriate length for barefoot walking

48. A variety of barefoot walking courses (short and long distance)

49. Constructed with a gentle longitudinal slope

50. Constructed with a gentle cross slope

51. Designed with varying difficulty levels to match barefoot walking purposes

52. Designed as a circular route following contour lines

53. Constructed wide enough to allow for two-way walking

54. Constructed with diverse soil particle compositions

55. Established in the forest foothill area

56. Rest areas placed at appropriate intervals along the trail

5. Facility Factors

57. Escape routes created at appropriate intervals along the trail

58. Rest and evacuation facilities built at observatories and viewpoints

59. Sufficient amenities and sanitation facilities installed

60. Minimize facilities unsuitable for barefoot walking

61. Install washbasins, footbaths, air blowers, lockers, toilets, and parking lots at the main entrance and exit

62. Installation of both longitudinal and transverse drainage systems

63. Install signboards with a unified design

64. Provide spaces and facilities for forest healing programs

65. Create suitable areas for gatherings and group activities

66. Install various types of informational signage