| Correction of Market Failure | Rectification of Inefficient Resource Allocation by the Private Sector | Musgrave and Musgrave (1989) |
| Internalization of Externalities | Social Benefits Not Reflected in Market Prices | Pigou (1920) |
| Provision of Public Goods | Addressing Non-Excludability and Non-Rivalry | Samuelson (1954) |
| Equity and Redistribution | Social Justice and Balanced Development | Stiglitz (2000) |
| Correction of Information Asymmetry | Policy Incentives and Participation Promotion | Laffont and Tirole (1993) |
| Policy Guidance and Stabilization | Macro Policy and Industrial Promotion Tools | Oates (1999) |